Artículos de revista
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● Derecho del consumo
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- Hyunkyu Jang y Wujin Chu, “An Examination of Pay-What-You-Want Pricing”. Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 32 nº 4 (2012) 348-360.
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Abstract
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Fairness
is an important component of all marketing exchange. While previous literature
has focused on companies’ fair actions toward consumers, this article examines
fair actions of consumers toward companies. Through a series of experiments,
the authors investigate consumer fairness in the context of a pay-what-you-want
pricing scheme. Results show that some consumers act fairly toward companies,
even if they have no obligation to do so. For such consumers, there seems to be
a self-signaling motive, in that they want to signal to themselves that they
are fair. The authors also show that the distribution of price paid has a
similar pattern to that of the dictator game in behavioral economics. Finally,
the authors show that consumers can be influenced into taking fair actions by
providing cues about “socially correct” actions others are taking. The reason
for this is that many consumers act unfairly not because of their inherent
propensity but because they believe others are doing the same. Implications for
distributive justice in marketing exchange are discussed.
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Key words: distributive justice, fairness, pay-what-you-want
pricing, dictator game, social norms.
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● Libre circulación
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- Halvard Haukeland,
"Bridging the Widening Gap between the EU Treaties and the Agreement on
the European Economic Area". European Law Journal, Vol. 18 nº 6 (2012)
868–886.
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Abstract
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For almost 20 years
now, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) States Iceland, Liechtenstein
and Norway have been included in the EU's internal market through the Agreement
on the European Economic Area (EEA). The continuing success of the EEA is
threatened, however, by an ever widening gap between EU primary law and the
still unchanged main part of the EEA Agreement. Unwilling to begin the
strenuous work of updating the Agreement, the Contracting Parties place their
trust in the ability of the courts to bridge the gap. While it is shown in this
article that both the EFTA Court and the Court of Justice of the EU are indeed
willing to go far in order to preserve homogeneity between EU law and EEA law,
it is argued that there are limits to the courts' ability to remedy the failed
updating of the Agreement.
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● Nutrición
- B. Hanratty,
B. Milton, M. Ashton y M. Whitehead, "McDonalds
and KFC, it's never going to happen: the challenges of working with food
outlets to tackle the obesogenic environment". Journal of Public Health, Vol. 34
nº 4 (2012) 548-554.
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Abstract
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Background Food outlets may make an important contribution to an obesogenic environment. This study investigated barriers and facilitators to public health work with food outlets in disadvantaged areas..Methods In-depth qualitative interviews with 36 directors, managers and public health service delivery staff in a coterminous primary care trust and local authority in northwest England. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method..
Abstract
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Background Food outlets may make an important contribution to an obesogenic environment. This study investigated barriers and facilitators to public health work with food outlets in disadvantaged areas..Methods In-depth qualitative interviews with 36 directors, managers and public health service delivery staff in a coterminous primary care trust and local authority in northwest England. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method..
Results Three interventions were available to engage with businesses;
awards for premises that welcomed breastfeeding mothers or offered healthy menu
options and local authority planning powers. Sensitivity to the potential
conflict between activities that generate profit and those that promote health,
led to compromises, such as awards for cafés that offer only one healthy option
on an otherwise unhealthy menu. An absence of existing relationships with
businesses and limited time were powerful disincentives to action, leading to
greater engagement with public rather than private sector organizations. Hiring
staff with commercial experience and incentives for businesses were identified
as useful strategies, but seldom used.
Conclusions Encouraging food outlets to contribute to tackling the
obesogenic environment is a major challenge for local public health teams that
requires supportive national policies. Commitment to engage with the local
public health service should be part of any national voluntary agreements with
industry.
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Key words: (MeSH headings) socioeconomic factors, public health practice, prevention and control, obesity
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Principio de precaución
.- Monika Ambrus, "The Precautionary Principle and a Fair Allocation of the Burden of Proof in International Environmental Law". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, Vol. 21 nº 3 (2012) 259–270.
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Abstract
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Notwithstanding the general acknowledgment of its importance, there are still uncertainties and ambiguities as to the precise meaning and actual application of the precautionary principle in international environmental law. In the context of decision making at the inter-State level, it has been explained that one of the interpretations of this principle means a ‘shift’ in the allocation of the burden of proof. Unsurprisingly, a similar effect of the principle can be, and has been, claimed in dispute settlement. Given these claims, the general aim of this article is twofold: first, to define what a ‘shift’ in the allocation of the burden of proof actually means; and second, to explore and assess whether this theoretical/conceptual understanding of the ‘shift’ is applied when the precautionary principle is at stake, and whether there are good reasons to apply it in dispute settlement and decision-making processes.
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- Mark Monaghan, Ray Pawson y Kate Wicker, "The precautionary principle and evidence-based policy". Evidence & Policy, Vol. 8 nº 2 (2012) 171-191.
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Notwithstanding the general acknowledgment of its importance, there are still uncertainties and ambiguities as to the precise meaning and actual application of the precautionary principle in international environmental law. In the context of decision making at the inter-State level, it has been explained that one of the interpretations of this principle means a ‘shift’ in the allocation of the burden of proof. Unsurprisingly, a similar effect of the principle can be, and has been, claimed in dispute settlement. Given these claims, the general aim of this article is twofold: first, to define what a ‘shift’ in the allocation of the burden of proof actually means; and second, to explore and assess whether this theoretical/conceptual understanding of the ‘shift’ is applied when the precautionary principle is at stake, and whether there are good reasons to apply it in dispute settlement and decision-making processes.
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- Mark Monaghan, Ray Pawson y Kate Wicker, "The precautionary principle and evidence-based policy". Evidence & Policy, Vol. 8 nº 2 (2012) 171-191.
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Abstract
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The precautionary principle recommends, in the face of pressing but
unquantifiable threats, that decision makers should not wait indefinitely for
the backing of evidence. As such, it represents another potential challenge to
the turbulent fortunes of evidence-based policy. Through four contrasting case
studies, this paper examines this challenge and formulates a preliminary model
of the role of the precautionary principle in evidence-based policy. We
conclude that although precaution may be a barrier to evidence-based policy
making, this is not always so and depending on the contextual factors, it can
also be enabling, encouraging policy makers to engage with the evidence.
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Keywords: uncertainty, complexity, precautionary principle,
evidence-based policy
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